You have to set BitsPerSample=16 and set the compression.
This example converts input file to 16 bit per channel and compress it using LZW:
// load input.jpg
ImageEnView1.IO.LoadFromFile('input.jpg');
// convert image to 48 bit RGB
ImageEnView1.LegacyBitmap := false;
ImageEnView1.IEBitmap.PixelFormat := ie48RGB;
// save as LZW, 16 bit per channel
ImageEnView1.IO.Params.TIFF_Compression := IoTIFF_LZW;
ImageEnView1.IO.Params.TIFF_PhotometInterpret := ioTIFF_RGB;
ImageEnView1.IO.Params.BitsPerSample := 16;
ImageEnView1.IO.Params.SamplesPerPixel := 3;
ImageEnView1.IO.SaveToFile('output.tif');